An oral device treats sleep apnea by what mechanism?

The mechanism by which an oral device treats sleep apnea primarily involves pulling the patient's lower jaw forward. This action is known as mandibular advancement and is designed to reposition the jaw in such a way that it helps keep the airway open during sleep.

In individuals with obstructive sleep apnea, the soft tissues at the back of the throat can collapse, obstructing airflow. By advancing the lower jaw, the device creates additional space in the airway, which can reduce the likelihood of these obstructions occurring while sleeping. This repositioning is critical for improving airflow and minimizing episodes of apnea or hypopnea, ultimately enhancing sleep quality.

Other methods, such as increasing tongue size, would likely worsen obstructive sleep apnea rather than alleviate it since a larger tongue could contribute to airway blockage. Similarly, restricting airflow is not a therapeutic approach for treating sleep apnea; rather that could exacerbate the condition. Widening the nasal passages does not directly address the primary issue of airway collapse in the throat associated with obstructive sleep apnea, making the mandible advancement the most effective mechanism in this context.